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Allele: One copy of a gene in a gene pair.

Chromosome: The physical structure of DNA in pairs, one from the sire and one from the dam. The number of chromosomes varies between species.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): The chemical structure of the genetic instruction set containing coding and regulatory genes.

Gene: A length of DNA that codes for a specific protein, enzyme, or cellular event.

Genotype: The DNA of the animal. Usually pertaining to the two copies of a single gene, (i.e., AA, aa, or Aa).

Heterozygous: A gene pair where the two copies have different alleles (i.e., Aa).

Homozygous: A gene pair where both copies have the same allele (i.e., AA or aa).

Phenotype: What you see in the animal based on the expression of the genotype (i.e., normal, affected, coat type, etc.).