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The personalized care plan is just a customized maintenance schedule that helps pet owners see the type of veterinary intervention that is anticipated over a pet's lifetime (see 6.4 Creating a Pet‐Specific User's Manual). Part of that schedule will be based on life stages (see 1.2 Providing a Lifetime of Care); those life stages should reflect the pet's breed or, in the case of mixed‐breed animals, their adult weight (see 11.5 Life Planning by Breed). Cats tend to be of more uniform size, so more generalizations can be made based on life stages alone.

Without genetic testing, a personalized care plan will start out with just basic recommendations relevant to all members of a species within the practice locale, as well as predispositions that can be inferred based on breed, conformation, lifestyle, etc. Superimposed on that will be information from health risk assessment (see 2.7 Risk Assessment), which might include pertinent risks on the basis of exposure (travel, boarding, grooming, activities, etc.) and history (preexisting issues detected that could lead to other co‐morbidities in the future). Even without genetic testing, a certain amount of risk information can be inferred on the basis of breed predisposition (see 11.4 Heritable Health Conditions – By Breed). Even in a mixed‐breed, if likely breed composition can be determined, potential genetic risks can be predicted, and certain early detection screening can be added to the personalized care plan. In general, there are also likely to be nutritional recommendations made specific to each pet (see 9.15 Nutritional Counseling).

It's important to remember that while genetic testing provides some objective criteria on which to base further diagnostic recommendations, it is possible to build personalized care plans just from information available based on history, physical examination, signalment, and risk assessment. That alone could prompt recommendations that could populate a personalized care plan (Table 1.3.2, Figure 1.3.1).

Table 1.3.2 Further testing that might be indicated based on perceived risk

Disorder	Testing indicated
Oral care	Periodic periodontal score; radiography; charting; occlusion assessment
Orthopedic conditions (hip dysplasia, etc.)	Radiography; distraction; palpation; gait assessment
Infectious diseases; parasitism	Heartworm testing, fecal assessment, antigen testing, titers
Clotting abnormalities	Buccal mucosal bleeding time, DNA testing (vWD, hemophilia, etc.), activated coagulation time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, clotting factors
Baseline values	Periodic hemograms, biochemistries, urinalysis
Hypothyroidism	Thyroid profile (e.g., cTSH, free and total T4, T3, autoantibodies, etc.)
Glaucoma	DNA testing (some breeds); periodic intraocular pressure determination
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca	Schirmer tear test
Progressive retinal atrophy	DNA testing (some breeds), electroretinogram, indirect ophthalmoscopy
Kidney disease	DNA testing (polycystic kidney disease, hereditary nephropathy, etc.), urinalysis, urea, creatinine, SDMA, imaging, etc.
Urolithiasis	Periodic urinalysis; DNA testing (e.g., cystinuria 2,8‐dihydroxyadenine, etc.)
Heart disease	DNA testing (some breeds), electrocardiogram, Holter monitoring, wearable technology, biomarkers (troponin 1, NT‐ProBNP, etc.)
Hypertension	Periodic blood pressure determination
Adverse drug reactions	DNA testing (e.g., mdr1, malignant hyperthermia, etc.)
Inflammation	Biomarkers (C‐reactive protein, serum amyloid A, homocysteine[?], etc.)
Senior status	Age‐specific screening (laboratory, imaging, cardiac assessment, etc.)

NT‐ProBNP, N terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide; TSH, thyroid‐stimulating hormone.

Figure 1.3.1 Example of a personalized care plan.

While veterinary teams want to provide the right recommendations to pet owners, it is very difficult to accomplish this without having a plan in place to match risk to action items (see 9.7 Continuum of Care and Convergence Schedules).