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Historical background and details on a range of MS follows later in the chapter. A quick overview of the “systems marketplace” and several nomenclature issues are provided here to help orient what follows.

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has been a significant driver in the development of a wide range of organizational MSs. Their quality assurance MS (ISO 9001) was first published in 1987 and has subsequently been revised four times (1994, 2000, 2008, 2015). Their environmental MS (ISO 14001) was first published in 1996 and has been subsequently revised two times (2004, 2015). In addition to quality and environment, ISO has developed and published MSs related to energy (50001), business continuity (22301), and security (27001 and 28001), to name just a few. As well, ISO published a generic risk management guideline (ISO 31000) in 2009, with a revision in 2017.

On the OHSMS front, ISO published its first OHSMS (ISO 45001) in 2018. Prior to this, the International Labour Organization (ILO) published an OHSMS in 2001. As well, the British Standards Institute (BSI) published its first OHSMS (BS 8800) in 1996, and subsequently published OHSAS 18001 in 1999; with a revision in 2007. As the OHSMS approach matured, and prior to ISO 45001's publication, OHSAS 18001 was the dominant approach followed, and to which certification was typically sought, by companies globally. In addition to the ILO's OHSMS and OHSAS 18001, numerous country‐specific approaches have been developed by standards development entities within them. In the United States for instance, American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z10 was first published in 2005, and revised in 2012 and 2019.

As specific MS/OHSMS standards and approached are revised, it is important to indicate which version is being referred to in a given context. It is common to include a version's year, such as ISO 45001:2018, ISO 9001:2015, ANSI Z10:2012, etc.