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1 The national organization that accredits health care organizations is known as which of the following?American Nurses AssociationHealth Professions CommissionAgency for Health Care Research and QualityJoint Commission

2 The largest purchaser of health care in America is which of the following?Private individualsPrivate insurance companiesHealth Maintenance OrganizationsMedicare, Medicaid, and other governmental programs

3 Who identified a structure, process, and outcome framework for quality?NightingaleDonabedianStarrLohr

4 What is the top underlying cause of health care disparity in the United States?Socioeconomic statusAgeGeographical locationChronic illness

5 Payment for health care services as a fixed dollar amount per member over a period of time is referred to as which of the following?Traditional fee for servicesProspective payment systemCapitationDiagnosis‐related groupings

6 The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act provides comprehensive health care reform through a number of initiatives, including which of the following? Select all that apply.Restricting in‐patient hospital staysExpanding health insurance coverageTargeting fraud, abuse, and waste in health careIncreasing access to primary care servicesPromoting preventive health strategies

7 Key factors contributing to rising health care costs in the United States include which of the following? Select all that apply.An aging populationAdvancements in technologyIncreased utilization of pharmaceuticalsRising costs of primary careAdministrative costs

8 The competencies for the education of health care professionals recommended by the Institute of Medicine to improve the quality of health care include all but which of the following?Primary care settingsA patient‐centered approachUse of health information technologyEvidence‐based practice

9 The link between adverse patient outcomes and cleanliness was discovered by:W. Edwards DemingFlorence NightingaleIsabel Hampton RobbDorothea Dix

10 Three components of health care systems are:strategy, outcome, and performanceprocess, strategy, and opportunitystructure, process, and outcomeoutcome, procedure, and structure