Читать книгу Kelly Vana's Nursing Leadership and Management - Группа авторов - Страница 171

M. Helena McMillan, an 1894 graduate of the Illinois Training School, founded Chicago's Presbyterian Hospital School of Nursing in 1903. McMillan, who had a college degree from Montreal's McGill University, planned a curriculum that focused on education rather than service. The first class attracted women from across the U.S. for the three and a half‐year program, which included a six‐month period with no clinical duties. Students needed a high school diploma to enter and one or more years of college were preferred. The school was affiliated with Rush Medical College. In 1903, McMillan wrote: “a special feature of the school is that the pupils will not be overworked.” McMillan was active in professional organizations including being a founding member of the International Council of Nurses in 1899. In Illinois, she spearheaded the passage of the state's first Nurse Practice Act in 1907. Upon her retirement in 1938, the American Journal of Nursing editors wrote that she had been “Associated with practically every progressive movement in nursing” (Lusk, 2001, p. 575).

Compare McMillan's plan for nursing education, as Director of Chicago's Presbyterian Hospital School of Nursing, to the experience of Isabella Lauver at the Illinois Training School for Nurses 30 years earlier.

Early nurse leaders such as McMillan would have objected to physicians who wanted nurses to be submissive and obedient. McMillan wanted well‐educated nurses who were legally protected by the state's Nurse Practice Act. Can you give some reasons, from the perspective of patient safety, why nurses today should continue to follow McMillan's lead and resist policy makers or others who want nurses to be submissive and obedient?

Discuss the founding of nursing through the lenses of gender, society, science and place.

1 Use the history of professional nursing to inform and guide decision making in nursing practice.

2 Interpret the founding of professional nursing through the lenses of gender, society, science, and place.

3 Appreciate nursing's important contributions to society's health.

4 Articulate future challenges for nursing based on a critical analysis of nursing's past.