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Cancer reporting is a means of expressing how many persons get affected by a particular type of cancer and is most often expressed as the number of cases in a defined population per 100,000 people. Cancer patterns vary not only throughout the world but also between different populations within the same country. Cancer registries in the developed nations, ideally at a national level give a better reflection of cancer burden as compared to the registries of a developing country. The majority of the total world population (93%) resides in developing countries especially in Asia, Africa and South America. Because of fewer cancer registries per population density per square kilometre per million in many of these countries, the incidence of newly diagnosed cancers can at best be estimated, using regional cancer registries where available, or using reported series of patients treated in major hospital institutions [14, 15]. GLOBOCAN reports have been produced by the Cancer Information Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon Cedex, France, which produces cancer incidence and mortality estimates worldwide. Details of their methodology are described in more detail in [16].

Data extracted from GLOBOCAN 2012 for new cases of lip, oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer and its sub-sites for 184 countries has been responsible for an estimated 529,500 incidence cases accounting for 3.8% of all cancers. The sub-site hypopharyngeal cancer identified 60,800 (11.5%) cases overall. The proportion of hypopharyngeal cancer of the total group studied varied greatly by the region studied and was 17.3% in the South-Central Asia region, 14.1% in Northern and Western Europe, 12.8% in Central and Eastern Europe, 11.3% Southern Europe, 7.3% Latin America and the Caribbean and 7.1% Northern America, and the lowest 3.7% in Sub-Saharan Africa [15]. The global incidence age standardised incidence rates of hypopharyngeal cancer is averaged at 0.8 per 100,000 (1.4 in men and 0.3 in women) [16].

The South-Central Asia region had the highest incidence of new hypopharyngeal cancers for both men and women (48.2% of all incident cases). At the country level, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka had the highest age standardised rates (ASRs) of hypopharyngeal cancer, with 4.8 and 2.8 new cases per 100,000, respectively, and the other countries making up the top 5 ASR were Hungary, Slovakia, and Romania, all from Central and Eastern Europe (Fig. 1a, b) [15].

Fig. 1. World map of age-standardised incidence rates (per 100,000) of hypopharyngeal cancer (C12–C13) in 2012 among men (a) and among women (b). International Classification of Diseases 10th Revised codes are indicated [15]. Reprinted with permission from John Wiley & Sons, Inc.