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The incidence increases with age at diagnosis ranging over from 40 to 80 years with a peak incidence in the 5th and 6th decades (the average around 55 years for males and 60 years for females) in the developed world, and is relatively rare in people under 40 years of age [35]. However, in the developing world, men under 30 years of age are not infrequently diagnosed [36].

The male-to-female incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of hypopharyngeal cancer vary widely by geographical location and within countries. Overall, at the global level, IRRs are 5 times greater among men than women, but ranges from 23: 1 for the Central and Eastern Europe [15], 9: 1 for Thailand [36], 5: 1 for Canada [34], 4: 1 for the United States and Denmark [32, 20], 3: 1 in England [18], to 1.2: 1 for Northern Africa and Western Asia [15]. It is important to have data on the changing incidence of hypopharyngeal cancer, as the demographics, mainly in the sex distribution, can also be monitored and this reflects the local or changing social habits of a nation at a regional level.

It is important to know the changing male-to-female incidence ratios over time, as this reflects the local or changing social habits of a nation at a regional level. In Taiwan, there has been a significant increase for men from 29.95 in 2002 to 47.17 in 2012, APC +4.0 [21]. Similarly in Korea, the IRR was reported to be 13.69 in 1999 and had increased to 24.88 in 2009. This is mainly due to the rapid decrease in incidence among older women. The age of occurrence of hypopharyngeal cancer was found to have risen (62 years in 1999 to 67 in 2009), but this was not significant (p > 0.05) [23]. In the United States, during the period 1988 to 2010, the IRR was 3.54. During that period there has been a slight increase in the proportion of older patients, with +0.3% APC for patients in the 75–84 age range (p = 0.002) and +0.1% APC for patients 85+ years old (p < 0.001) [32]. In Spain, for many decades, hypopharyngeal cancer was almost exclusively diagnosed, that is, 98% of those diagnosed were men, but the percentage is now increasing for women [28].