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The single most important factor in determining the speed and success of prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis is the quality of the growth medium and its supplements.^{557, 607} Since the traditional medium supplement, fetal bovine serum, represents a complex mixture of growth‐promoting substances, considerable effort has been directed toward formulating serum‐free media in mammalian cell culture.⁶⁴⁸ Human AFC culture has benefited greatly from the success of these efforts.^{649, 650} Fetal bovine serum or Chang‐type medium, which includes serum, requires proper storage and handling to preserve its effectiveness. Freeze–thaw cycles and exposure to light are particular problems.⁶⁵¹