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The cell wall of the plant cell is a highly organized network that can vary in the cellular lifespan. Primary cell wall of the plant cell is newly synthesized through cellular division and their size dramatically increases as the cell grows. The outermost layer of the plant cell wall is known as middle lamella, which is considered as interface between the primary cell wall with other cells. In many cells, the secondary cell wall also developed with complex structure that impregnated with lignin. The plant cell wall may be imparting in structural integrity to support plasma membrane and sense external stimuli and mediate cellular signaling [6, 7].

The main components of plant cell wall including heterogenous mixture of polysaccharides, proteins, aromatic substances and water with trace numbers of ions. Specifically, the tensile strength of the cell wall of plant cells is due to cellulose, hemicellulose, pectic substances and their mutual interactions. Among the polysaccharide’s cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin are the most prominent composition of the cell wall with 30, 30 and 35%, abundance respectively. Cellulose and hemicellulose are responsible for rigidity in cell wall while pectin induces fluidity through gelatinous polysaccharides network (Figure 2.1) [2, 8]. The cellulose and hemicellulose embedded in the pectic are stabilized through proteins and phenolic compounds. Moreover, the hemicellulose attaches to the surface of cellulose channel to prevent the direct contact among the cellulose microfibrils while pectin is attached to hemicellulose to form gel phase [9–11]. Herein, different plant cell wall polysaccharides will be discussed.