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There does not appear to be any one attachment gene (Fearon et al., 2014). Some evidence suggests a link between OXTR, the receptor that controls oxytocin—a neuropeptide that has been linked to social and attachment behaviors (Feldman, Weller, Zagoory‐Sharon, & Levine, 2007)—and attachment styles and psychopathology (Costa et al., 2009). However, genes associated with dopamine receptors (i.e., DRD4 and DRD2), which are implicated in social behavior, have also been linked to attachment (disorganization, Lakatos et al., 2002; and anxiety, Gillath et al., 2008). Research has also suggested a genetic link between the serotonin receptor HTR2A and attachment (Gillath et al., 2008).

FIGURE 4.4 A Developmental Psychopathology Model of Insecure Attachment