Читать книгу Developmental Psychopathology - Группа авторов - Страница 125

Several of the biological contributors to attachment that we have already discussed have been shown to impact attachment via interactions with environmental variables. Although researchers are careful to point out that gene–environment interaction studies in attachment are sparse, the prevailing view is that there are likely to be genetically based vulnerabilities that make children more or less susceptible to caregiving environments (Gervai, 2009). For example, a polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene interacts with the caregiving environment to predict attachment insecurity (Spangler, Johann, Ronai, & Zimmerman, 2009). Similar findings have been noted with regard to a dopamine receptor gene; genetic vulnerability seems to increase the effects of difficult caregiving on attachment (van IJzendoorn & Bakermans‐Kranenburg, 2006) but also enhances the effects of a positive environment (Bakermans‐Kranenburg & van IJzendoorn, 2007), suggesting differential susceptibility to both favorable and unfavorable environments.