Читать книгу Groundwater Geochemistry - Группа авторов - Страница 111

Cadmium is symbolized by Cd and belongs to 3D block elements. Cd is introduced as a toxic element and the sources of Cd are rock, coal, and petroleum. Cd is often found in combination with zinc. Cd is found in two forms: metallic form and cationic form (Cd⁺²) (Smith 1995). Both natural and human sources contribute to the cadmium impurities in groundwater. The industrial activities, like manufacturing of batteries (NiCd), pigments, plastic, and electroplating, directly discharge into the water and contaminate the water bodies. Other activities like mining, seepage of hazardous waste materials from sites, and discharge of waste industrial water cause the increasing concentration of cadmium in water day by day. On the other side, agricultural sources like cadmium‐containing phosphate fertilizers are also producing cadmium contamination in water resources (Ryan et al. 2000; Järup 2003; Hashim et al. 2011).