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4.6.1 Oxidation

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The oxidation method includes the use of an oxidizing agent (Cl2, ClO2, O3, H2O2, NH2Cl, MnO4, FeO42−, etc.) to eliminate heavy metals from water (Sharma et al. 2007; Mondal et al. 2013; Bora and Dutta 2019). Investigation of the photochemical and photocatalytic oxidation process includes the oxidation of heavy metals using UV radiation, O2, etc. for the removal of dissolved pollutants. UV/solar radiation assists to develop the hydroxyl radicals during the photolysis of iron and iron hydroxide (fe(OH)3), hydroxyl radicals and O2 oxidizes the toxic metals like As(III) to As(V). The presence of these radicals, the oxidation reaction becomes faster (Yoon and Lee 2005; Sharma et al. 2007). On the other hand, the photocatalytic reaction is carried out in the presence of TiO2 for oxidation of the heavy metals (Miller et al. 2011).


Figure 4.2 Schematic of conventional different conventional methods to decontaminate water from heavy metals.

Groundwater Geochemistry

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