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4.6.3 Phytoremediation

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The phytoremediation process is based on the use of plants for the removal of toxic metals from the environment and it is even used to clean up contaminated air, soil, and water. It consists of several steps like phytoextraction, phytoming, phytostabilisation, rhizofiltration, and phytovolatilization (Dickinson et al. 2009; Behera 2014). Over the last decades, several researchers have been using various types of plants like Pteris Vittata, Vetiver grass, for remediation of toxic metals through the phytoremediation process (Hosamane 2012). The disadvantage of this process is that the plants adsorb high levels of toxic metals, which contaminate food crops and require more time to eliminate heavy metals from soil and water.

Groundwater Geochemistry

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