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2.4.1 Dental Fluorosis

Оглавление

Dental fluorosis is a developmental disturbance of tooth enamel or tooth surface that occurs due to systemic overexposure of fluoride during enamel formation (Kanduti et al. 2016). During the first six years of life, the development of enamel occurs over the tooth and increased mineralization is accompanied by reduction of matrix protein. Exposure to fluoride causes dose relationship disruption in the process of amelogenesis and dentinogenesis that ultimately results in deformity in the crystalline structure of teeth (Swarup and Dwivedi 2002). Dental fluorosis is characterized by yellow to brownish mottling of enamel with narrow white horizontal striations (DenBesten and Li 2011). The dental fluorosis severity depends upon the degree of exposure of fluoride on humans. In India, 70% of adolescents consuming fluoride‐contaminated drinking water with more than the recommended value of the World Health Organization are affected by dental fluorosis (Chaudhry et al. 2017). Enamel opacities also occur due to malnutrition and deficiency of Vitamin A and D as well as due to low protein‐energy intake. Therefore, fluoride is not the only cause of dental enamel defects (Zohoori and Duckworth 2017).

Groundwater Geochemistry

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