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TiO₂NPs were also used in the evaluation of their efficacy in seed germination of agriculturally important plants. Both laboratory and greenhouse trials found positive effects of TiO₂NPs on seed germination at various concentrations, however, they showed variations depending on plant species. TiO₂NPs are thus considered as priming agents (Haghighi and Teixeira da Silva 2014). The reported positive effects mainly include increased water absorption in spinach (Zheng et al. 2005) and flax (Clément et al. 2013) through an increase in length and weight of rape, tomato, and onion seedlings (Su et al. 2009; Haghighi and Teixeira da Silva 2014). Both time duration and concentration of nanoparticles are important factors when seeds were soaked in suspensions of TiO₂NPs (Su et al. 2009). Soaking of seeds is also more effective than direct application of nanoparticles to soil with seed planting (Haghighi and Teixeira da Silva 2014). The effect of TiO₂NPs on seed germination is concentration‐dependent, higher concentrations were found to have a negative effect on seed germination (Ruffini Castiglione et al. 2011). Higher concentrations might induce moisture stress and negatively affect water and oxygen uptake (Laware and Raskar 2014).