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 Risk factors can be due to the toxicant, the individual, or the environment.

 Toxicant‐related risk factors include the toxicity of the substance, physical nature (e.g., solid, powdered, nanoparticle), dose, and exposure route (e.g., dermal, oral, inhaled, injected).

 Individual risk factors may include age, breed, sex, reproductive status, nutrition, weight, previous health status, and current treatments.

 Environmental factors include specific season, drought, floods, ambient temperatures, etc.