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 Establishing a conclusive diagnosis of poisoning is like assembling multiple pieces of a giant puzzle. The importance of a complete history, physical examination, and complementary diagnostic tests cannot be overstated.

 Steps in diagnosis and formulating a treatment plan are:Determine if signs are a result of an actual poisoning rather than of an infectious, metabolic, or nutritional disease.Determine if signs or lesions are compatible with a toxic exposure. This requires appropriate selection and testing of specimens.Determine if it is an acute or chronic exposure and establish a timeline as treatment will vary.Utilize services available, including an animal poison control center or diagnostic laboratory, to narrow diagnosis (see Appendix 3).