Читать книгу Manual of Equine Anesthesia and Analgesia - Группа авторов - Страница 136

 Two to four heart sounds may be heard in the horse.

 S1 and S2 are usually louder than S3 and S4.

 S1 may be “split” (two sounds) due to slight variation in contraction in the right and left sides of the heart (uncommon).S1 is associated with closure of the left and right AV valves.S2 is associated with closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves.S3 is associated with rapid ventricular filling.S4 is associated with atrial contraction.