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III Electrocardiogram The elements of the ECG (see Figure 3.3)

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 P wave – depicts atrial depolarization.Due to the horse's large atria, the P wave may be biphasic, or bifid (notched).

 The QRS complex follows the P wave, and it depicts ventricular depolarization.Figure 3.3 Normal sinus rhythm.Figure 3.4 Second‐degree atrioventricular blockade.The Q, R, and S wave are not always present.The T wave follows the QRS, and it depicts ventricular repolarization.The T wave may be positive or negative at rest.During exercise or stress, the T‐wave polarity is opposite to that of the QRS complex.Tall T waves may be mistaken for QRS complexes.

Manual of Equine Anesthesia and Analgesia

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