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ECG (see Section III below)

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 Information acquired from an equine ECG is limited to the HR, rhythm and presence or abnormalities of electrical complexes. This is due to the rapid depolarization of the horse heart (ventricles) because of the almost complete penetration of nerve Purkinje fibers across the ventricular myocardium (Type II Purkinje system).

 Lead placement – A base‐apex lead is commonly used in the horse. One method of applying the ECG leads for this is as follows:Negative lead (RA) White on Manubrium.Positive lead (LA) Black on Xyphoid.Ground lead (LL) Red on loose skin of neck cranial to the scapula.Note: Europe, RA red, LA yellow, LL green.

Manual of Equine Anesthesia and Analgesia

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