Читать книгу Manual of Equine Anesthesia and Analgesia - Группа авторов - Страница 348

 Excessive stimulation of the larynx during intubation can increase ICP through catecholamine release, although horses appear not to have a strongly reactive airway compared to other species.Lidocaine (1–2 mg/kg, IV) administration prior to tracheal intubation has been recommended to prevent increases to ICP with brain injury, but its utility remains controversial.

 A fast induction technique and tracheal intubation allows lung ventilation and rapid control of PaCO2.

 Propofol (2–4 mg/kg, IV) or alfaxalone (1–2 mg/kg, IV) can be used for induction of anesthesia in foals, and is fast‐acting.A benzodiazepine can be used with these drugs (co‐induction technique).

 Thiopental is a good induction agent for adult horses, but should not be used in foals <8 weeks of age. Thiopental is not presently available in many countries.

 Ketamine/benzodiazepine combinations have been shown to increase ICP and not obliterate the catecholamine response to intubation, but the neuroprotective benefits of using ketamine are now recognized. This technique also allows for rapid tracheal intubation.

 After prior sedation with a benzodiazepine, gentle nasotracheal intubation or mask‐down inhalational techniques using isoflurane or sevoflurane can be attempted. This technique takes the longest time to perform.Although lung ventilation is possible with nasotracheal intubation, head trauma may preclude the use of nasal tubes.