Читать книгу Manual of Equine Anesthesia and Analgesia - Группа авторов - Страница 350

 Isoflurane or sevoflurane are better choices than halothane. Halothane is not available in many countries.

 N2O increases cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate when combined with a volatile agent, and is probably not advisable to use in horses with intracranial pathology. Its use is limited in equine anesthesia, and is usually reserved for use in foals.

 Since volatile agents increase cerebral blood flow through vasodilation, techniques should be employed to limit this.Use PIVA to reduce isoflurane or sevoflurane requirements. IV infusions of α2 agonist and/or lidocaine can be used.Opioids (butorphanol, methadone, morphine, remifentanil) do not reduce isoflurane MAC in horses, but can be used for intra‐operative analgesia.Propofol infusions can be used in horses and can be used alongside isoflurane in a similar manner to their use in dogs and humans to provide anesthesia. A disadvantage is the large volume of propofol required for TIVA or PIVA in adult horses. In adult horses, propofol might reduce PaO2 by an unknown mechanism.Alfaxalone infusion can be used for craniectomy, but recovery in foals may result in excitement behaviors.Respiratory and cardiovascular depression during anesthesia requires lung ventilation and blood pressure support.

 Hypothermia should be prevented. Although it can lower cerebral metabolic oxygen demand, it can cause other adverse effects.