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DNA molecules are capable of storing and processing information which stimulates the idea of DNA computing. It is the emerging arena in the domain of computation, and gradually, we are approaching toward the paradigm shift, from silicon to carbon, where DNA computing is overcoming the drawbacks of traditional silicon-based computing. Because of the unique properties (like, Watson-Crick base pairing) of DNA molecules, it has become an influential tool of engineering at nano-scale. The models of ANNs, DNA logic gates, and DNA logic circuits, as illustrated in this chapter, inspire the basic design of DNA computer.

Set of short DNA sequences, i.e., DNA oligonucleotides can be used to design a model of ANN. These short DNA sequences are used to code input and output signal and to build the basic architecture of the neuron. In the subsequent subsections, we focus on some of the ANN models developed using DNA sequences.