Читать книгу Pathy's Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine - Группа авторов - Страница 617

Dysplasia in the bone marrow is not sufficient to establish the diagnosis of myelodysplasia. Deficiencies of vitamin B12 and folate, hypothyroidism, viral infections such as Epstein–Barr and the human immunodeficiency virus, and exposure to antibiotics and other chemicals such as ethanol, chemotherapy and benzene can result in dysplasia. These causes must be ruled out systematically by a careful history and physical and laboratory examination.