Читать книгу Veterinary Surgical Oncology - Группа авторов - Страница 92

Clinical tumor staging determines the extent of the primary tumor and the presence of local or disseminated metastases. The results of accurate staging tests including physical assessment of the mass and fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology provide information on whether further clinical staging by incisional or excisional biopsy of the mass, regional lymph node evaluation, and diagnostic imaging to assess for metastatic disease are indicated. This is most important for skin tumors that have a high metastatic potential. The tumor type, histologic grade, and clinical TNM stage should ideally be determined before surgical intervention to allow the formation of an appropriate treatment plan and to provide the client with a realistic expectation of prognosis.