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Controllers are an integral part of smart charging. Smart charging is described in conjunction with power management, optimal control, and operation, satisfying the need for the PSO and EV user. Hence, a robust controller is required to meet the requirements. The controller decides on automatic scheduling, power flow, pricing, and the charging rate of EVs. Two types of controllers are widely discussed in literature: centralized and decentralized [9, 10]. When all the control actions are performed by a single controller connected to all other smart charging system entities, it is called a centralized controller. Alternatively, the distribution of control actions at different segregated units is described as decentralized control.

In decentralized control, a centralized controller is connected to all the decentralized controllers to perform central control actions. Each of the control techniques is described in subsequent sections of this chapter [48].