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The drawbacks and benefits of centralized and decentralized control architecture infer a requirement for maturity in the smart charging system.

Table 1.3 List of Differences between control architectures in a smart charging system.

Control architecture	Merits	Demerits
Centralized	Better voltage and frequency regulationBetter utilization of network capacityCan be used with provisions for ancillary servicesEase of control and operation inclined towards the PSO	System design and deployment are complexDemands huge capital investment in developing robust communication architectureDifficult to scale due to predefined constraints in the optimization problemHigh computational requirements to process and analyze a large amount of dataRobust error correction of data protection is required
Decentralized	Ease in the tracking of fault in the systemMore control to the EV users and higher acceptance rateLess capital investment in deploying communication architectureEasily scalableEase of renewable energy integration	The impact on the utility grid is tough to determineThe use of EVs as ancillary services is difficult to implement

During the initial push for smart charging systems for EVs, decentralized architecture looks more acceptable and easier to implement. Further, the demography and topography of the area also significantly impact the selection of control architecture. For an area with higher demography, the decentralized control architecture will resemble centralized control.

For example, consider a densely populated building where the people reside on multiple floors. The parking spot where the charging or discharging of EVs will occur is obviously very compact. Hence, a single controller will be making decisions for multiple EVs. Assume another scenario where the buildings are spatially distributed and the number of persons living in each building is less than the previous scenario. In the second scenario, the parking spot where the charging or discharging of EVs occurs will also not be dense, so single controller can make decisions for multiple buildings. Hence, the demography of an area plays a critical role. On the other side, when topography is looked into, the decentralized controller is preferred, practically, for hilly or mountainous regions. The deployment of communication systems for hilly regions is challenging compared to the plane area.