Читать книгу Geophysical Monitoring for Geologic Carbon Storage - Группа авторов - Страница 23

Geodetic monitoring, the repeated measurement of displacements and strains, both on the surface and within the interior of the Earth, provides an important class of techniques for assuring the safety of geological storage and for detecting leakage. There are important advantages associated with geodetic methods. The observations are usually gathered frequently in time, from every few minutes to every few months, depending upon the type of data. There are a diverse set of instruments for measuring strain and displacement in various configurations, either on the Earth's surface, at depth, or even from space. Thus, geodetic measurement may often be gather remotely, greatly simplifying data collection and allowing for cost‐effective monitoring, particularly in comparison with more intrusive techniques such as seismic surveys. The Earth often deforms in response to fluid injection, particularly at the volumes and rates associated with the geological storage of carbon dioxide. Therefore, geodetic observations are sensitive to fluid volume and pressure changes and may be used to monitor the fate of injected fluids. The magnitude of surface displacement increases dramatically as the source driving the deformation approaches the surface. Thus, geodetic monitoring is well suited to detecting leakage and the upward migration of fluids under pressure. In this chapter, we will discuss the use of geodetic data for monitoring injected carbon dioxide. Our primary focus will be on space‐based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) as this is perhaps the most cost‐effective geodetic technique for land‐based storage sites.