Читать книгу Geophysical Monitoring for Geologic Carbon Storage - Группа авторов - Страница 35

Geodetic methods are well suited for monitoring the effectiveness of the geological storage of carbon dioxide. The application to carbon sequestration is still relatively new, but approaches such as Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar appear promising even at sites subject to periodic snow cover. Enhancements, such as artificial radar reflectors, may be required for certain difficult terrains such as farmed fields with intermittent snow cover. Even in these difficult areas, it appears possible to monitor ground deformation with the accuracy of 0.5 cm. In favorable regions such as desert regions with little movable sand, the accuracy can be of the order of a few millimeters. In an application at In Salah, Algeria, InSAR appears to be sensitive to focused flow in a narrow higher permeability damage zone, indicating deviations from pure reservoir flow. Other geodetic techniques, such as tilt meters, the Global Positioning System (GPS), and laser ranging (LiDAR) are also possible. Some methods, such as precision bathymetry and time‐lapse seismic strain measurements (Rickett et al., 2007) are applicable to storage in deformable offshore reservoirs.