Читать книгу Geophysical Monitoring for Geologic Carbon Storage - Группа авторов - Страница 42

Point source or in situ CO₂ measurements are by far the most common methods of seepage detection at the surface and there are many options with various levels of complexity and sensitivities. Absorption spectroscopy is the simplest method to measure CO₂ flux but it is generally the least sensitive (Barr et al., 2011; Fessenden et al., 2010; Humphries et al., 2008; Repasky et al., 2006; Soukup et al., 2014). Cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRS) and FMS are significantly more complex optical methods to measure CO₂ flux that have the sensitivity to monitor carbon stable isotope ratios (Zalicki & Zare, 1995; Lindenmaier et al., 2014; Fessenden et al., 2010). There are other optical and imaging methods of identifying the impact of CO₂ injection and seepage without directly measuring the change in CO₂ flux. Interferometric synthetic‐aperture radar (INSAR) has been used to monitor surface distortions during injection (Yang et al., 2015). Plant stresses due to exposure to increased CO₂ flux have been monitored by imagery (Costa et al., 2013). Here, each method capable of measuring the CO₂ flux will be briefly discussed.