Читать книгу Geophysical Monitoring for Geologic Carbon Storage - Группа авторов - Страница 30

At In Salah, Algeria, excess carbon dioxide from the production at three gas fields was removed, processed, and reinjected into the flanks of an anticline defining one of the fields. The target reservoir for long‐term storage was a sandstone layer roughly 20 m thick, overlain by almost 1 km of shales and siltstones and an additional kilometer of interbedded sandstones and shales. Initially, it was supposed that the carbon dioxide would simply reside in the reservoir. Since the start of injection in 2004, roughly 3.8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide have been sequestered. Initial predictions of surface uplift, obtained from coupled hydrological‐geomechanical simulations, varied from a few millimeters to about one centimeter (Bissell et al., 2011). InSAR data acquisition was part of an extensive monitoring effort devised by the partners of a Joint Industry research and development program (Mathieson et al., 2010; Ringrose et al., 2013). Several of the monitoring activities, including microseismic and InSAR data collection, were in collaboration with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Fortunately, the surface conditions at the In Salah site are quite favorable to SAR monitoring and the permanent scatterer approach, with a boulder‐strewn, hard‐packed surface, and a restricted supply of mobile sand. The project benefited by both large‐scale (Bissell et al., 2011) and detailed coupled modeling of the flow and related geomechanics.