Читать книгу Counseling and Psychotherapy - Группа авторов - Страница 122

Psychoanalytic theory was an enormously influential force during the first half of the 20th century. The theory first emerged with the pioneering efforts of neuroscientists Jean-Martin Charcot and Josef Breuer. Charcot believed that individuals did not suffer from a specific trauma but from the ideas they developed in relation to it, and his research challenged the historical concept of what was believed to be a physical manifestation of a weak hereditary neurological system. He theorized that exposure to an emotional or physical trauma would result in chronic and debilitating conditions, including partial paralysis, hallucinations, and anxiety. Breuer, an Austrian physician and physiologist, is known as the founder of psychoanalysis based on his theory of unconscious processes and his assertion that the neurotic symptoms of hysteria could disappear when underlying causes became part of the conscious mind. The primary features of the theory were later adapted, refined, and popularized by Freud.