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Increasing studies on the brain–gut–microbiome (BGM) axis describe the bidirectional interactions between the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and gut microbiota [236, 237]. Increasing evidence has proposed that this axis contributes largely to pathologies of some psychological diseases, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) [237, 238], Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) [239, 240]. This section will discuss the dietary effects on ASD and neurodegenerative diseases.