Читать книгу Principles in Microbiome Engineering - Группа авторов - Страница 46

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) were found to be exacerbated by the disruption in gut microbiota, contributing to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders via the BGM [239, 257]. PD patients were reported to observe an increase in genus Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia (pro‐inflammatory, mucin‐degrading Gram‐negative bacteria) population, and a decrease in the Faecalibacterium, Coprococcus, Blautia, Prevotella, and other microbes of the Prevotellaceae family (the bacteria responsible to SCFA production) [258, 259]. Dietary supplementation of specific probiotics, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, was found to treat neurodegenerative symptoms in clinical trials and mice [260–262]. Phytochemicals, such as caffeine from ingested coffee and tea, were found to have an inverse relation, lowering the risk of developing PD. [263] It was also shown that caffeine confers neuroprotective properties in PD‐induced mice models [264, 265]. Similar to ASD, a ketogenic diet was identified to improve symptoms of PD and AD both in animal models and clinical trials [266–270]. These results indicate the role of diet in regulating the microbiota population involved in preventing neurodegenerative disease.