Читать книгу Principles in Microbiome Engineering - Группа авторов - Страница 49

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that results in an increased sugar serum level, often resulting from the deficiency of insulin secretion or insulin insensitivity. Studies have shown that bacterial abundance in the gut has a strong correlation to the onset of diabetes. This has been shown in type II diabetes (T2D) patients that showed increased Firmicutes abundances with a proportional decrease in Bacteroidetes abundance. Long‐term observation of T2D patients undergoing weight loss showed a recovery of Bacteroidetes abundance and depletion of Firmicutes population [131]. It was discovered that the ratio of GI Firmicutes/Bacteroides affects the body metabolism, where patients with higher ratio were shown to be more susceptible to inflammatory responses, increased BMI, and a higher risk of developing insulin resistance that may lead to type 2 diabetes [271, 275, 277]. Certain studies indicated that orally administered prebiotics helps lower the ratio in hyperphagic, obese, and hyperglycemic mice model (ob/ob), which caused an increase in the number of L‐cells [278]. The increase of L‐cells raises the plasma levels of GLP‐1, triggering glucagon expression, resulting in leaner mice compared to the untreated groups.