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The ocean consists of multiple compartments, not just plastic and water, that can carry additive chemicals (Figure 2.2). Some of the dynamic processes that determine the transport and fate of plastic additives in the marine environment, and the role of the host plastic, are presented in Figure 2.3. For the complete understanding of chemical additive transport and fate in the ocean, all environmental compartments must be considered, including air, soil, sediments, freshwater, seawater, and biological matter. For this reason, several physicochemical properties beyond K _pw, water solubility, and K _ow are important. Vapor pressure, Henry’s constant, octanol–air partition coefficient (K _oa), and the organic carbon partition coefficient (K _oc) also dictate the transport and fate of plastic additives, especially exchanges between various compartments (Net et al. 2015).

Figure 2.3 Transport and fate of hydrophobic organic chemicals to/from marine plastic particles, seawater, and biota.

Source: Adapted from Kwon et al. (2017).