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CHAPTER 28

THE STATUS OF ONE WHO KNOWINGLY DISSOCIATES HIMSELF FROM HIS FATHER

[116–112]. (Dar al-Salam 0118) Zuhayr ibn Harb narrated to me:ⁱ [Abd al-Samad ibn [Abd al-Warith narrated; my father narrated; Husayn al-Mu[allim narrated; from Ibn Buraydah; from Yahya ibn Ya[mar; that Abu al-Aswad narrated to him from Abu Dharr that he heard God’s Messenger (peace be upon him) say: ‘Whoever knowingly claims to belong to other than his own father is an unbeliever. Whoever claims what does not belong to him does not belong to us; let such take his position in Hell. Whoever calls a person an unbeliever, or says [to him]: “You, enemy of God”, when he is not so, it shall rebound on him’.

وَحَدَّثَنِي زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَارِثِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنٌ الْـمُعَلِّمُ، عَنِ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَعْمَرَ، أَنَّ أَبَا الأَسْوَدِ، حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: «لَيْسَ مِنْ رَجُلٍ ادَّعَى لِغَيْرِ أَبِيهِ وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُهُ إِلاَّ كَفَرَ، وَمَنِ ادَّعَى مَا لَيْسَ لَهُ فَلَيْسَ مِنَّا، وَلْيَتَبَوَّأْ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ. وَمَنْ دَعَا رَجُلاً بِالْكُفْرِ أَوْ قَالَ عَدُوَّ اللهِ، وَلَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ، إِلاَّ حَارَ عَلَيْهِ» .

[117–113]. (Dar al-Salam 0119) Harun ibn Sa[id al-Ayli narrated to me:ⁱ Ibn Wahb narrated; [Amr reported to me; from Ja[far ibn Rabi[ah; from [Irak ibn Malik; that he heard Abu Hurayrah say: ‘God’s Messenger (peace be upon him) said: “Do not disclaim your fathers; to disclaim one’s father is disbelief”.’

حَدَّثَنِي هَارُونُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الأَيْلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرٌو، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ عِرَاكِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، يَقُولُ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «لاَ تَرْغَبُوا عَنْ آبَائِكُمْ، فَمَنْ رَغِبَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ فَهُوَ كُفْرٌ».

[118–114]. (Dar al-Salam 0120) [Amr al-Naqid narrated to me:ⁱⁱ Hushaym ibn Bashir narrated; Khalid reported; from Abu [Uthman who said: ‘When Ziyad was claimed, I met Abu Bakrah and said to him: “What is this that you have done? I heard Sa[d ibn Abi Waqqas say: ‘I heard with my ears God’s Messenger say: “Whoever claims under Islam to be the son of someone other than his own father, knowing that he is not his father, will be forbidden entry into Heaven”.’” Abu Bakrah said: “I also heard God’s Messenger (peace be upon him) say it”.’

حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرٌو النَّاقِدُ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمُ بْنُ بَشِيرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا خَالِدٌ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ، قَالَ: لَـمَّا ادُّعِيَ زِيَادٌ لَقِيتُ أَبَا بَكْرَةَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: مَا هَذَا الَّذِي صَنَعْتُمْ؟ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ سَعْدَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ يَقُولُ: سَمِعَ أُذُنَاىَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ «مَنِ ادَّعَى أَبًا فِي الإِسْلاَمِ غَيْرَ أَبِيهِ، يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ غَيْرُ أَبِيهِ، فَالْجَنَّةُ عَلَيْهِ حَرَامٌ». فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرَةَ: وَأَنَا سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ».

[119–115]. (Dar al-Salam 0121) Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah narrated: Yahya ibn Zakariyya’ ibn Abi Za’idah and Abu Mu[awiyah narrated; from [Asim; from Abu [Uthman; from Sa[d and Abu Bakrah, both of them said: ‘I heard with my ears and perfectly understood Muhammad (peace be upon him) as he said: “Whoever claims [descent] from someone other than his father, knowing that he is not his father, will be forbidden entry into Heaven”.’¹⁰

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ زَكَرِيَّاءَ بْنِ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، وَأَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ سَعْدٍ وَأَبِي بَكْرَةَ، كِلاَهُمَا يَقُولُ سَمِعَتْهُ أُذُنَاىَ وَوَعَاهُ قَلْبِي مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: «مَنِ ادَّعَى إِلَى غَيْرِ أَبِيهِ، وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ غَيْرُ أَبِيهِ، فَالْجَنَّةُ عَلَيْهِ حَرَامٌ».

Text Explanation

10. The first of these hadiths has already been explained in the previous chapter and warns against disclaiming one’s own father, while the second tells us that whoever knowingly claims to be the son of someone other than his own father will be forbidden entry into Heaven. The statement, ‘will be forbidden entry into Heaven’, may be explained in two ways, as has already been stated in similar cases. The first is that it applies to one who does this considering it to be perfectly lawful. The second is that entry into Heaven will be forbidden him when those who have gained admission into Heaven enter it. Subsequently, he is either punished and enters it after serving his punishment, or God may pardon him.

The second hadith mentions the case of Ziyad, who was Abu Bakrah’s half brother as they belonged to the same mother. Ziyad was known as Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan, but is also referred to as Ziyad, son of his father, or son of his mother. He was formerly known as Ziyad ibn [Ubayd al-Thaqafi, but later was claimed by Mu[awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan as his own brother, claiming that he was the son of his own father, Abu Sufyan. He became a close associate of Mu[awiyah after he had been with [Ali ibn Abi Talib. Hence, Abu [Uthman said to Abu Bakrah disapprovingly: ‘What is this you have done?’

Abu Bakrah in fact disapproved of what was done, and he boycotted Ziyad, swearing that he would never talk to him. Most probably Abu [Uthman had not learnt of Abu Bakrah’s disapproval when he questioned him. Or he might have meant: ‘What is this that your brother has done? It is something that incurs stiff punishment, as the Prophet said that whoever does such will be forbidden entry into Heaven’.

Transmission

Abu [Uthman mentioned in the chain of transmission was [Abd al-Rahman ibn Mull, who was mentioned in the Introduction. Abu Bakrah’s name was Nufay[ ibn al-Harith ibn Kaladah, and his and Ziyad’s mother was Sumayyah, a slave woman belonging to al-Harith ibn Kaladah. He was nicknamed Abu Bakrah because he lowered himself from Taif Fort by the use of a reel. He died in Basrah in 51 or 52 AH (671 CE), but God knows best.

i.Related by al-Bukhari, 3317 and 5698. Although this hadith is entered in the next chapter, we have placed it here because its explanation is joined to the other two hadiths in this chapter.

i.Related by al-Bukhari, 6386.

ii.Related by al-Bukhari, 4326 and 6766; Abu Dawud, 5113; Ibn Majah, 2610.