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Metal NPs comprise metal‐made precursors. Because of the well‐localized surface plasma resonance (LSPR) characteristics, such NPs have distinct optoelectronic properties. In the visible region of the solar electromagnetic spectrum, the NPs of alkali and noble metals such as Cu, Ag, and Au have broadband absorption. In today's cutting‐edge materials, the facet, size, and shape‐controlled synthesis of metal NPs are critical [4]. Metal NPs are finding applications in many research fields because of their advanced optical properties. The coating of gold NPs is widely used to enhance electronic streaming for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) sampling, thus helping to accomplish good SEM images.

Figure 1.1 Description of fullerenes or buck balls (a) C₆₀ and (b) C₇₀.

Source: From Khan et al. [2]. © 2017, Elsevier.