Читать книгу Nano-Technological Intervention in Agricultural Productivity - Javid A. Parray - Страница 8

Since the past century, nanotechnology has been an advanced research area. RP Feynman coined the term ‘nanotechnology’ during his famous speech [1]. Nanotechnology developed different types of nanoscale materials. A limited class of one‐dimensional materials <100 nm [2] are nanoparticles (NPs). Depending on the form [3], such materials may be 0D, 1D, 2D, or 3D. The importance of these materials showed that the physicochemical properties of a substance, e.g. the optical properties, can be influenced by size. The red wine, yellowish‐grey, black, and deep green are the distinctive colours of the 20 nm gold (Au), platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), and palladium (Pd) NPs. These NPs exhibit distinctive colours and properties of various sizes and shapes that can be used in bioimaging applications. [4]. Owing to differences in aspect ratio, nanoshell thickness, and Au concentration, the solution's colour varies. Changing each of the elements mentioned above affects the absorption characteristics of the NPs and is therefore observed in different absorption colours. Usually, NPs consist of three layers: (i) a layer‐functionalized surface with several tiny molecules, metal ions, surfactants, and polymers; (ii) a shell layer – a chemically separate core substance; and (iii) a centre – an integral part of the NP and typically refers to the NP itself [5]. Researchers gained immense interest in multidisciplinary fields because of these exceptional features. NPs may be used for the delivery of drugs [6], chemical and biological sensing [7], gas sensing [8], CO₂ capture [9], and related uses [10].