Читать книгу Management of Radioactive Waste - Jean-Claude Amiard - Страница 35

The CEA monograph [CEA 17] details the various processes for treating materials resulting from dismantling. During the clean-up and dismantling of a nuclear installation, the various treatments generate a wide variety of wastes, organic wastes, graphite wastes, magnesian wastes and very special wastes such as mercury wastes. High-level waste in sludge or powder form and tritiated waste are also produced.

The volumes of solid radioactive waste generated during the decommissioning of the various nuclear fuel cycle facilities are very variable, with a clear preponderance from the deconstruction of nuclear power reactors (Table 1.10).

Table 1.10. Quantities of radioactive waste generated during the decommissioning of various nuclear fuel cycle facilities (source: [OJO 14])

Step	Type of waste	Quantity (m3.GW-1.yr-1)
UF6 conversion	Solid	0.5–1
UF6 enrichment	Solid	5
UO2 manufacturing	Solid	1–2
Reactor	Solid	375
Reprocessing	Solid	5

Ojovan and Lee [OJO 14] quantify these various categories of waste from the dismantling of a nuclear power reactor (Table 1.11).

Table 1.11. Typical waste during reactor shutdown (source: [OJO 14])

Step	Type of waste	Quantity (m3.GW-1.yr-1)
Miscellaneous (scrap metal)	Solid	15
Sludge	Solid	0.02
Effluents with tritium	Liquids	70
HLW	Liquids	28
ILW	Liquids	25
LLW	Liquids	15
LLW	Solid	65