Читать книгу Replicating And Repairing The Genome: From Basic Mechanisms To Modern Genetic Technologies - Kenneth N Kreuzer - Страница 14

•Human genome of 6.6 billion base pairs is replicated with very high accuracy.

•Double helical structure of DNA allows semiconservative replication and provides an embedded “backup copy” of the genome.

•DNA polymerases synthesize new chains in the 5′ to 3′ direction, necessitating different replication mechanisms on the leading and lagging strands.

•Key proteins in DNA replication include DNA polymerase, primase, helicase, and ssDNA binding protein.

•Additional processes important for DNA replication include Okazaki fragment processing, mismatch repair, resolving topological problems, and telomere replication (when the chromosome is linear).

•Multiple DNA repair pathways remove DNA damage, often avoiding the generation of mutations, which alter the DNA sequence.

•Proteins involved in DNA replication and repair are prominent in human diseases and as tools in modern genetic technologies.