Читать книгу Architecture. Dialectic. Synthesis - - Страница 18

First of all, let's notice the connection between the categories of rhythm and meter with the previous antithesis. The meter is a symmetry expanded into a spatial series, and the rhythm is an expanded ordered asymmetry. From this we can immediately conclude that rhythm and meter are opposites, like movement and rest.

What are rhythm and meter?

Rhythm and meter are, first of all, a certain separation, discontinuity. However, discontinuity alone as a complete isolation of moments is unthinkable. Rhythm is precisely such a discontinuity and such a set of isolated elements, which, without ceasing to be itself, is and is perceived as continuity, integrity. Rhythm is the organization of discontinuity as integrity. How does this happen? If the rhythm (meter) is originally a separation, then it has no reason for continuity in itself. What makes the rhythm be exactly series, and not a chaotic set, is the extra-rhythmic principle of integrity, in which isolated elements merge. This is a regular pattern. A regular pattern is an arrangement of separate parts in which they, while remaining isolated, merge into one whole. This means that it is possible to logically, regularly, and not randomly or arbitrarily, move from any element of the series to the adjacent, next or previous one.

The metro-rhythmic series consists of elements and inter-element intervals. Either one or the other can be rhythmized (then we have peculiar syntheses of meter and rhythm), or both parameters together (this is pure rhythm). The meter is obtained if both elements and intervals are unchanged. Rhythmization, that is, the organization of disparate parts into a logical sequence, occurs due to the principle of regular patterns, which consists in the fact that each subsequent element or interval of a series is modified by a certain constant coefficient (constant). Arithmetic and geometric progressions may serve as an example.

By itself, that is, objectively, the rhythm is given entirely and immediately, since spatially it exists at each of its points simultaneously, no element is either earlier or later than the other. But for the perceiving subject, the rhythm is given at some discrete point, and for its perception it presupposes the movement of the subject in time with a consistent coverage of the rhythmic series.

Let's summarize the definitions. Rhythm is the determinism of the constant formation of elements and inter-element relationships, presented in an orderly series, given in itself as an actual thing that has become and as a potential becoming perception of the subject. In the rhythm, the same eidos hypostatizes differently each time, but the steps of its hypostatization form a regular pattern. Rhythm is the ordering of unequal elements of the actual set of a single eidos, functioning in this set as a difference in both space and time, and each time with a different degree of intensity, which either decreases (slowing rhythm) or increases (accelerating rhythm).

Meter and rhythm together – metrorhythm – are ways of regularly organizing elements and relationships. There are other unifying means that allow to avoid chaos and preserve the integrity of the form with an arbitrary combination of its parts60.