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Clinical presentation

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Clinical signs of toxicosis may occur within 3 to 72 h of exposure and include muscle fasciculations and tremors, hypersalivation, ataxia, vomiting, diarrhoea, obtundation, mydriasis, hyperexcitability, hyperactivity, paresthesia, hyperesthesia, seizures and dyspnoea. Type I pyrethroids tend to cause tremors and seizures, whereas type II pyrethroids cause depolarizing conduction blocks with weakness and paralysis (Wismer and Means, 2012). Death may occur but is uncommon.

Canine and Feline Epilepsy

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