Читать книгу Canine and Feline Epilepsy - Luisa De Risio - Страница 267

Clinical signs of FIP can be variable because many organs can be involved. Three different forms of FIP have been identified: (i) an effusive (also called exudative or wet) form characterized by abdominal, thoracic and pericardial effusions; (ii) a non-effusive (also called granulomatous, non-exudative, dry or parenchymatous) form characterized by granulomatous changes in different organs, including the CNS, the eyes, kidneys, mesenteric lymph nodes, bowel wall and liver; and (iii) a mixed form. The effusive and noneffusive forms can transform into each other and should be considered the gradations of the same process characterized by pyogranulomatous vasculitis (Hartmann, 2005; Addie, 2012). Neurological signs are most common with the non-effusive form of FIP and can occur either alone or in conjunction with systemic signs such as fever, vomiting, diarrhoea, anorexia, weight loss and lethargy. Neurological signs include abnormal mental status and behaviour, head tilt, seizures, ataxia (generally vestibular), nystagmus cranial nerve dysfunction, and varying degrees of proprioceptive and motor deficits. Seizures can be generalized tonic-clonic or focal, and status epilepticus can occur (Timmann et al., 2008). Ocular signs of FIP comprise anterior uveitis (often with keratic precipitates) (Plate 4), chorioretinitis, anisocoria and retinal haemorrhage, detachment and cuffing of the retinal vasculature. Clinical signs are slowly progressive and eventually fatal.