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Bacterial diseases of the CNS in dogs and cats
ОглавлениеBacterial diseases of the CNS can be caused by aerobic and anaerobic organisms (Table 5.4) and can result in meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis, abscessation (focal or multifocal) or empyema.
Multiple organism infections can occur. Bacterial CNS infections are relatively uncommon in dogs and cats. Bacteria can gain access to the CNS haematogenously from a distant septic focus (e.g. endocarditis, urinary tract infections, pulmonary infections), by extension of infection from structures adjacent to the nervous system, such as the nasal passages, sinuses, internal ears, dental roots and eyes, or by direct penetration into the CNS such as occurs with bite wounds, migrating plant foreign bodies, and previous trauma or surgery (Radaelli and Platt, 2002; Dennis et al., 2005; Sturges et al., 2006; Kent, 2012). A compromised immune system can predispose to bacterial colonization of the CNS (Smith et al., 2007).
Table 5.4. Bacterial diseases of the CNS in dogs and cats.
| Organisms | Gram reaction | Shape |
| Aerobic/facultative anaerobic organisms | ||
| Staphylococcus spp. | Positive | Coccus |
| Streptococcus spp. | Positive | Coccus |
| Corynebacterium spp. | Positive | Rod |
| Pasturella spp. | Negative | Rod |
| Escherichia coli | Negative | Rod |
| Proteus spp. | Negative | Rod |
| Pseudomonas spp. | Negative | Coccus |
| Salmonella spp. | Negative | Rod |
| Klebsiella sp. | Negative | Rod |
| Bartonella spp. | Negative | Rod |
| Brucella canis | Negative | Coccus |
| Nocardia spp. | Positive | Rod |
| Other aerobic organisms | ||
| Anaerobic organisms | ||
| Bacteroides spp. | Negative | Rod |
| Fusobacterium spp. | Negative | Rod |
| Peptostreptococcus spp. | Positive | Coccus |
| Eubacterium spp. | Positive | Coccus |
| Actinomyces spp. | Positive | Rod |
| Other anaerobic organisms |
Fig. 5.7. MRI of the brain of a 4-month-old, male, domestic short hair cat with FIP resulting in multifocal CNS signs and mild abdominal effusion. Transverse FLAIR images at the level of caudate nucleus (a), pons (b) and medulla oblongata show hyperintensity of the lining (ependyma) of both lateral ventricles (a), meninges (b, c) and choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle (c). Sagittal T1W (d) and T1WC (e) images of the caudal fossa and adjacent regions. Note the diffuse meningeal enhancement around the brain stem and of the ependymal lining of the dilated fourth ventricle.
