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How many Muscles are there in the Breast, and which be they?

The Breast hath fifty seven Muscles, that is to say, thirty that serve to dilate it, twenty six whose Office is to contract it, and the Diaphragm or Midriff, which partakes of both Actions.

The thirty which dilate the Breast are equally plac'd to the number of Fifteen, viz. the Subclavius, the Serratus Major Anticus, the two Serrati Postici, and the eleven external Intercostals.

The twenty six which contract the Breast are likewise equally rank'd to the Number of thirteen on each side, viz. the Triangularis, the Sacrolumbus, and eleven internal Intercostals.

The Subclavian takes up the whole space between the Clavicle and the first Rib: Its Original being in the internal and lower part of the Clavicula, and its insertion in the upper part of the first Rib.

The Serratus Major is a large Muscle having seven or eight Indentings or Jaggs. It takes its rise in the interior Basis of the Omoplata or Shoulder-Blade, and its Jaggings are inserted in the five lower true Ribs, as also in the two upper spurious Ribs.

The Serratus Posticus Superior, begins with a large Aponeurosis in the Apophyses of the three lower Vertebræ of the Neck, and of the first of those of the Back; then passing under the Rhomboid, it is join'd obliquely by four Indentings to the four upper Ribs.

The Serratus Posticus Inferior, commences in like manner with a large Aponeurosis in the Apophyses of the three lower Vertebra's of the Back, and of the first of those of the Loins, and is afterwards fasten'd by four Digitations to the four lower Ribs.

The eleven External Intercostal Muscles are situated in the spaces between the twelve Ribs passing obliquely and on the outside from the back part to the fore part. They take their rise below the Upper Rib, and have their Insertion above the lower Rib.

The Triangularis is the first of those that contract the Breast, and possesseth the inward part of the Sternum: Its Original is in its lower part, and its Insertion in the top of the Cartilages of the two upper Ribs.

The Sacrolumbus hath its Source in the hinder part of the Os Sacrum, as also in the Vertebra's of the Loins, and ascending from thence, insinuates it self into the hinder part of the Ribs, to every one of which it imparts two Tendons, one whereof sticks on the outside, and the other on the inside. This Muscle is fleshy within, and fibrous without.

The Eleven Internal Intercostals, contrary to the External, derive their Original from the top of every lower Rib, and ascend obliquely from the back-part to the fore-part, till they are join'd to the lower Lip of every upper Rib: Thus these Internal Muscles, with the External, form, by the opposition of their Fibres, a Figure resembling a Burgundian Cross.

The Diaphragm or Midriff is esteem'd as the fifty seventh Muscle of the Breast, and serves as well for its dilatation as contraction. It separates the Thorax or Chest from the lower Belly, and is tied circularly to all the Extremities of the Bastard Ribs, immediately under the Xiphoides, or Sword-like Cartilage.

Modern Anatomists have discover'd that the Diaphragm is compos'd of two Muscles, viz. one Upper, and the other Lower; so that the Upper cleaves to the Extremities of the Spurious Ribs, and is terminated in a flat Tendon in the middle, which hath been always taken for its Nervous part. The Lower begins with two Productions, the longest whereof being on the right side, ariseth from the three upper Vertebra's of the Loins, and the other on the Left from the two Vertebra's of the Back, till it is lost in the Aponeurosis of the Upper Muscle.

How many Muscles are there in the Back and the Loins, and which be they?

There are three in each side, viz. one for Flection, and the other for Extension.

The Triangularis is the Flexor, taking its rise in the hinder part of the Rib of the Os Ilion, and the inner part of the Os Sacrum, in passing from whence it is joined to the last of the Bastard Ribs, and to the transverse Productions of the Vertebra's of the Loins.

The Extensors are the Sacer, and the Semi-spinatus, which make the Waste streight, and are so interwoven along the Back-Bone, that one would imagine that there were as many Pairs of Muscles as Vertebra's, affording Tendons to all.

The Sacer springs from behind the Os Sacrum, as also from the hinder and upper Extremity of the Os Ilium, and is inserted in the Spines of the Vertebra's of the Loins and Back.

The Semi-spinatus hath its Source in the Spines of the Os Sacrum, and is join'd to all the transverse Productions of the Vertebra's from the Back to the Neck, being exactly situated between the Sacer and the Sacrolumbus.