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In addition to distinguishing between different assets, the adverse effects may also be classified into several categories related to the assets. Some examples are given in Table 2.7 .

Table 2.7 Some types of harm to different assets.

– Loss of human life– Personal injury– Reduction in life expectancy– Damage to the environment (fauna, flora, soil, water, air, climate, and landscape)– Damage to material assets– Investigation and cleanup costs– Business‐interruption losses– Loss of staff productivity

– Loss of information– Loss of reputation (public relations)– Insurance deductible costs– Fines and citations– Legal action and damage claims– Business‐sustainability consequences– Societal disturbances– Reduction of human well‐being– Loss of freedom

For harm to people, it is common to distinguish between:

1 – Temporary harm/injury. In this case the person is injured but will be totally restored and able to work within a period after the accident.

2 – Permanent disability. In this case, the person gets permanent illness or disability. The degree of disability is sometimes given as a percentage.

3 – Fatality. The person dies, either immediately or because of complications. The fatality may sometimes occur a long time after the accident, for example, due to cancer caused by radiation after a nuclear accident.