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Freedom from, or resilience against, harm committed by hostile threat actors.

Security is, as safety, a relative concept that is closely related to risk acceptability. The principal difference between safety and security is intentionality; security is characterized by adversary intent to do harm. Assessing security risk therefore changes the first question of Kaplan and Garrick (1981) into how someone can make something happen. This complicates risk assessment, as the range of possible events is restricted only by the assessor's imagination and ability to put herself in the situation of a potential enemy or criminal.

Central to an understanding of the concept of security are the terms threat, threat actor, and vulnerability: