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The system modeling process is shown in Figure 4.4 . The modeling process is, in this book, started by studying a technical or sociotechnical system, sometimes based on an existing system, but most often based on drawings and system information/data. A number of regular and potential dynamic processes take place in the system (represented by the curved arrow in Figure 4.4). These processes include failures and hazardous events.

Figure 4.4 The system modeling and analysis process.

To be able to do a careful study, we need to establish a system model that simplifies the actual processes, such that we can use mathematical methods to deduce results. The system model is a representation of the actual system. All the methods and tools we use in risk analysis are applicable only in the framework of the model, and the results are correct only to the extent that the model reflects the properties and weaknesses of the actual system. What we study in the model depends on the objectives of the study and the characteristics of the model. When a result is obtained, we have to interpret this result in the actual system and argue its relevance.